TEMPERATURE STANDARDS FOR COLD CHAIN LOGISTICS
Introduction: Cold chain logistics is crucial for maintaining the quality and safety of temperature-sensitive products, especially in modern agriculture and the food supply chain. This article discusses the essential temperature standards in cold chain logistics, covering requirements for various products, implementation methods, consequences of non-compliance, and future trends. 1. Temperature Standards for Different Products 1.1 Food Cold Chain: Frozen Food: Must be kept below -18℃ (e.g., frozen meat, المأكولات البحرية, بوظة). Refrigerated Food: Requires 0℃ to 4℃ (e.g., fresh vegetables, fruits, dairy products). Perishable Food: Should be maintained between -1℃ and +1℃ (e.g., fresh meat, fish). 1.2 Drug Cold Chain: Frozen Drugs: Below -20℃ (e.g., اللقاحات, biological products). Refrigerated Drugs: Between 2℃ and 8℃ (e.g., most vaccines, blood products). Normal Temperature Drugs: Between 15℃ and 25℃. 1.3 Chemical Cold Chain: Cryogenic Chemicals: Between -20℃ and -80℃ (e.g., experimental reagents). Normal Temperature Chemicals: Around 20℃. 2. Ensuring Temperature Compliance in Cold Chain Logistics 2.1 Pre-cooling Treatment: Equipment: Utilize cold storage or pre-cooling rooms. منتجات: Use pre-cooled packaging materials. 2.2 Temperature Zoning and...
